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3 million dollar to peso In his book, Founding Mothers of the Indian Republic: Gender Politics of the Framing of the Constitution, Achyut Chetan mentions an interesting anecdote; of a cultural theorist seemingly influenced by the skewed post-structuralist notion of the text telling him that the Constitution is all we have and that there is nothing outside its text. How do you imagine the Constitution beyond its text? What value does a constitution hold beyond its text? As we celebrate the 75th anniversary of the enactment of the Constitution of India, these questions prompt us to reflect on its broader significance. Testament to an aspirational citizenship The text of the Constitution, undoubtedly, holds greater significance. It gives institutions a tool to interpret and implement policy decisions. But the Constitution is not merely a legal document. It represents a living framework that transcends its textual boundaries. It holds the aspirations, struggles, and collective dreams of a diverse nation. Therefore, while the Constitution serves as the foundation of our administrative framework, it is, equally, a testament to aspirational citizenship. But where do we locate the place of citizens while assessing the Constitution? Citizenship is often understood as a concept derived from statutes or the text of the Constitution. However, in the journey of India’s constitutional history, the people themselves have played a pivotal role in shaping and redefining the notion of citizenship beyond what is written in the document. Through various movements, they have actively invoked constitutional principles to challenge inequalities and claim rights and spaces that were historically monopolised by caste and class elites. For instance, the Dalit movement used the Constitution as a powerful tool to assert its equality and dignity. The Constitution became a site of emancipation and to defy the odd social norms. Article 17 of the Constitution, which abolishes untouchability, became a rallying point for the marginalised communities to fight against caste-based discrimination. Similarly, movements for land reforms, right to education, right to information and even environmental rights movements have consistently used constitutional provisions to demand inclusivity and justice, thereby expanding the scope of citizenship from a legal status to a lived reality of equality and empowerment. In his book, A People’s Constitution, Professor Rohit De documents compelling stories of individuals who harnessed the Constitution not only to assert their rights but also to place ordinary citizens at the heart of the constitutional discourse. This imaginative engagement by ordinary citizens in applying the Constitution to their daily lives persists. Indeed, it has grown even more robust and strategic, empowering them to claim their rightful place in the republic. Dialogue between the Constitution, citizens The story of the Constitution is the story of its people. Social activist Aruna Roy, in her recent memoir, The Personal is Political, argues that if democracy is by and for the people, the ‘ people’ are the mainstream — the power elite and its periphery defined by money and power. Therefore, it is necessary to dismantle this mainstream of ‘power’ and bring those who are at the margin to the centre of our democratic journey. Thus, the purpose of the Constitution would be served. The enactment of the Constitution marked a significant turning point for marginalised groups, including women, minorities, and persons with disabilities. While their direct representation in the Constituent Assembly was minimal, their concerns were thoughtfully discussed and debated, ensuring that the document aimed to be inclusive and accommodative. However, despite these progressive efforts, the Constitution is not without flaws. There have been instances where it has inadvertently become a tool of exclusion. A collective responsibility As we commemorate 75 years of its adoption, it is imperative to ensure that the Constitution extends its promise beyond public institutions and into private spheres. This involves empowering citizens to challenge both the authority of a mighty state and the power of private citizens when they act unjustly. The responsibility lies with all of us to not only uphold the Constitution but also to actualise its principles in ways that foster true equality, justice, and dignity for every individual, irrespective of their status or identity. Rajesh Ranjan is a lawyer-researcher who writes on public law, rights, and public engagement of Published - November 28, 2024 04:00 am IST Copy link Email Facebook Twitter Telegram LinkedIn WhatsApp Reddit constitution / India / history / laws / society and human capital / dalits / education / right to education / Caste / land resources / gender / disabled / minority group / justice and rightsBritta Curl scores her first pro goals in Frost victory at Toronto

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Percentages: FG .429, FT 1.000. 3-Point Goals: 11-27, .407 (Lindsay 5-8, Brown 2-6, Williams 1-1, Anderson 1-2, Ricks 1-4, Freeman 1-5, Hutchins-Everett 0-1). Team Rebounds: 6. Team Turnovers: 3. Blocked Shots: 3 (Hutchins-Everett 2, Smith). Turnovers: 9 (Smith 4, Ricks 2, Freeman, Lindsay, Williams). Steals: 1 (Smith). Technical Fouls: None. Percentages: FG .500, FT .692. 3-Point Goals: 7-18, .389 (Gray 3-3, Burke 1-1, Howell 1-3, Kapic 1-4, McGhie 1-6, Tait-Jones 0-1). Team Rebounds: 4. Team Turnovers: None. Blocked Shots: 1 (Rochelin). Turnovers: 5 (Gray 2, Milovich 2, Rochelin). Steals: 5 (Gray 4, Kapic). Technical Fouls: None. .SYM INVESTOR ALERT: Robbins Geller Rudman & Dowd LLP Announces that Symbotic Inc. Investors with Substantial Losses Have Opportunity to Lead the Symbotic Class Action Lawsuit

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The students at the Montessori Elementary & Middle School are great in academics, but being competitive in sports is the one thing that was lacking. I introduced physical education in 2022-2023, emphasizing the importance of an active lifestyle. It is a component in each student to understand fundamentals in physical activity, attitude, and behaviors. In 2023-2024, we started an after-school program in sports, more specifically in basketball, twice a week just to see how the students interact and the knowledge they have. In the spring of 2024, I spoke to the Head Principal, Dr. Rigg, to ask if we could have a team — to build self-confidence and social skills and develop fundamentals that contribute to understanding how to deal with situations by controlling emotions and approaching them in an educated way. During the summer, I was constantly reaching out to the Boys & Girls Club, hoping to be part of their basketball league for next season and there was a spot available in August. The athletic director placed us in the 4th/5th grade boys basketball group. As soon as we were locked in, I had to get my group of boys. I didn't hold any tryouts but just accepted those who had signed up. My boys didn't have any experience in competitive basketball. However, I told them that making a commitment to a team takes a lot of work and teaches you how to show up. For me, it's not just being there and telling them to dribble and shoot. Every student has a certain way of learning and if you teach the who, what, where, when, and how, students will understand quicker than we know. By Montessori having a basketball team for the very first time, a mascot was given to us, we became the Condors. The Montessori Condors — which I'm very proud of and grateful for. As a private school, there isn't a league for us but we are thankful for the opportunity with the Boys & Girls Club because we need leagues like this that compete within schools regardless of whether you are private or public. Everyone should be given the opportunity to compete. The more schools that compete within our community here in Tracy, the more opportunity for the kids to build their confidence level in the most positive way. In our first year, the Montessori Condors reached the playoffs and faced Poet-Christian on Nov. 19. We came up short but fought with heart and pride and represented our school. Jennifer Laureta is the head sports specialist at Montessori Elementary & Middle School of Tracy, located at 120 Murrieta Way. Contact the Tracy Press at tpnews@tracypress.com , or call 209-835-3030.GigaCloud Is Discounted For Good Reasons - Reiterate Hold

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Trump transition says Cabinet picks, appointees were targeted by bomb threats, swatting attacksTottenham return to Southampton on Sunday for the first time since Antonio Conte’s explosive post-match rant, but current boss Ange Postecoglou has not lost any of his determination to succeed at the club. Conte’s last public act as Spurs head coach after a 3-3 draw at St Mary’s in 2023 was to launch a furious tirade against his own “selfish” players who he claimed “don’t want to play under pressure” before he seemed to turn on the board as he questioned the club’s ongoing trophy drought. Eight days later Conte had left Tottenham by mutual consent after a whirlwind 16-month period, with Postecoglou his eventual permanent successor. A post shared by Antonio Conte (@antonioconte) Postecoglou has been in charge of the Premier League club for two months longer than the Italian, but managed 12 fewer matches and is currently in the middle of an injury crisis which has resulted in a drop in form, with Spurs only able to claim one victory from their last eight fixtures. However, when Postecoglou was asked if he would jump ship in the wake of making remarks like Conte did in March, 2023, he said: “Look, I don’t think it’s fair to comment. “Antonio is a world-class manager and has his own way of doing things, his own reasons for doing that. “I am here, I am in for the fight. I am in a fight, for sure. For better or worse I am not going anywhere at the moment because everything is still in my power and my responsibility. “I still have a real desire to get us through this stage so that people see what is on the other side. My resolve and determination hasn’t wavered one little bit. “I love a fight, I love a scrap, I love being in the middle of a storm when everyone doubts because I know what it is on the other side if you get through it. My job is to get through it.” Postecoglou was Celtic boss when Conte’s extraordinary 10-minute press conference made waves around the world, but acknowledged being aware of his predecessors’ comments and attempted to explain the psyche behind why a manager would make such a move. “I was on Planet Earth at that time, and yes I was well aware of it,” Postecoglou smiled. “I think you know when a manager gets to that point that there’s obviously some underlying issues. “I think most of the time when managers do that they’re trying to get a reaction, trying to get some sort of impact on the team. “In difficult moments, what you want from your leaders is action rather than inaction of just letting things drift along. He did it to try and get a positive impact on the group, one way or another. We’ve all been in that situation as a manager where you feel this is time to send a message.” Postecoglou sent out his own message on Thursday after a 1-1 draw away to Rangers when he insisted Timo Werner’s display “wasn’t acceptable” at Ibrox. Werner was replaced at half-time following an error-strewn performance, but was not alone in being below-par in Glasgow. A day later Postecoglou explained how with Spurs missing several key first-teamers, the onus is on their fit senior players to deliver a level of application and commitment – and admitted Werner will be required at St Mary’s on Sunday. “I’ve got no choice. Who else am I going to play? I’m pulling kids out of school, I literally am,” Postecoglou mentioned in reference to 16-year-old duo Malachi Hardy and Luca Williams-Barnett, who have recently made the bench. “That was the reasoning for me pointing it out last night. We need Timo. We need all of them. “In normal times if you have a poor game, there’s a price to pay. It doesn’t exist right now. We need everybody we’ve got.”

CLEVELAND — Darius Garland scored 24 points and Jarrett Allen had 21 points and 11 rebounds as the NBA-leading Cleveland Cavaliers beat the Washington 115-105 on Friday night, sending the Wizards to their 18th loss in 19 games. Donovan Mitchell scored 20 points and Garland added eight assists for Cleveland, which is 22-4 and holds a 1 1/2-game lead over Boston for the top record in the league. The Cavaliers, who lead the NBA in field-goal percentage, shot a season-low 39.6%. Caris LeVert had 14 points and six assists and Isaac Okoro scored 13 points. Cleveland went 15 of 51 on 3-pointers. Bilal Coulibaly tied his career high with 27 points and Jordan Poole scored 17 for the Wizards. Justin Champagnie had 16 points and eight rebounds as Washington fell to a league-worst 3-20. Takeaways Wizards: Alex Sarr, the No. 2 overall draft pick, returned after missing two games with a sore lower back and made his first five shots, including a 3-pointer. The 7-footer from France finished with 14 points and seven rebounds in 27 minutes. Cavaliers: Power forward Evan Mobley, who is averaging 18.3 points and 9.1 rebounds, sprained his left ankle in the previous game at Miami and did not play. Coach Kenny Atkinson said he isn’t concerned the injury will be “a long-term thing.” Key moment LeVert scored four points and absorbed a flagrant foul from Poole during a 7-0 Cavaliers run that bridged the third and fourth quarters, finally giving them breathing room with an 89-80 lead. Cleveland Cavaliers forward Isaac Okoro (35) goes to the basket between Washington Wizards guard Bilal Coulibaly (0) and guard Jordan Poole (13) in the first half of an NBA basketball game, Friday, Dec. 13, 2024, in Cleveland. Credit: AP/Sue Ogrocki Key stats Cleveland improved to 14-1 at Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse this season, the second-best home mark in the NBA behind unbeaten Orlando. The Cavaliers also beat Washington for the 11th straight time, their longest streak in the 55-year series. Up Next Wizards host Boston on Sunday, and Cavaliers visit Brooklyn on Monday.

Ange Postecoglou fights on as Tottenham return to scene of Antonio Conte rant

Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy test drove their new Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE , on Capitol Hill this week, visiting House and Senate Republicans, who celebrated their promise of reduced government and dramatically lower federal spending. But the duo kept their remarks short. While tossing out a number with a dozen zeroes in it – Musk has spoken of saving "at least $2 trillion" in federal spending -- they offered little by way of programmatic detail. To their credit, they were there to hear from members who have been on the frontlines of the budget wars for decades. And if they were listening to people like Tom Cole, the Oklahoma Republican who will now chair the House Appropriations Committee, they heard a cautionary note. Cole was among the members meeting with Musk and Ramaswamy this week and told the New York Times they were "trying to understand the full scope" of the DOGE project and "how much would be done by executive action." People typically talk about "the budget," but the real business of spending takes place in the appropriations process, where the notional becomes real. Such appropriations are the fundamental and ultimate business of Congress, as per the Constitution . Whatever the DOGE winds up offering or contributing, it cannot pass appropriations without Congress. Efforts to circumvent the Hill by using impoundment or other executive maneuvers will confront the Budget Control and Impoundment Act of 1974 – a major victory for Congress' spending powers in the year President Richard Nixon was weakened by impeachment proceedings that led to his resignation. Yet the DOGE team has an unmistakable swagger, not unlike their sponsor in President-elect Donald Trump. Still, for those with long Washington memories, DOGE stirs echoes of similar promises made in the past – that recall frustrations and futility. Making it a mantra Vows to shrink the federal deficit, pay down the national debt and "run government more like a business" have long been a stock element of electoral politics – especially in eras when populist anti-tax and anti-government sentiments were running strong. Candidates for office who have business backgrounds or MBAs have made it a mantra. It was a component in Ronald Reagan's carefully constructed bid for the presidency in 1980, which decried a federal debt that was approaching $1 trillion. It was a scary figure at a time when that "T-word" had scarcely common usage. In office, Reagan assigned the deficit and spending problems to his first director of the Office of Management and Budget, a young Republican congressman from Michigan named David Stockman. A former seminarian who spoke with great conviction, Stockman attacked bloat in the budgets of past presidents as if they were a species of sin. Democrats, and not a few Republicans, were put off and pushed back. But Stockman was a true believer, not just in Reagan but in the power of the knife. He produced some of the most dramatic cuts in programs affecting mass constituencies that have ever been discussed. Even the Senate Budget Chairman Peter Domenici, a Republican budget hawk in his own right, reminded Stockman of Senate "prerogatives" at a critical moment in Reagan's first-year confrontation with Congress. Ultimately, Stockman's mandate to cut spending collided with two other Reagan articles of faith: tax cuts and a vigorous military build up to challenge what was then still the Soviet Union. By the end of Reagan's first term, some spending had been cut, but tax cuts and a trillion in new defense spending had doubled and would soon triple that trillion-dollar national debt figure. And Stockman was out of government writing a memoir called The Triumph of Politics: Why the Reagan Revolution Failed. Reagan then turned to a businessman named J. Peter Grace and a commission charged with finding efficiencies in the government. Grace and his cohort got into the weeds and made many useful recommendations, some of which the various agencies of the government adopted. But the optics were not so good when it was revealed that Grace's business, W. R. Grace & Company, itself had paid almost no taxes in the year Reagan appointed its chairman to head his commission. Spending and taxes were a major focus for Reagan's immediate successor, George H.W. Bush. Without the benefit of any outside commissions, the first Bush managed to reach a compromise with Democratic majorities in the House and Senate that both cut spending and raised revenue the old-fashioned way -- through higher taxes. It formed the basis for a relatively successful decade of budget policy that, in theory or on paper at least, made a balanced budget a practical projection prior to the year 2000. But the tax component of that 1990 package broke Bush's "no new taxes" pledge and cost him substantial support in his own party. House Republican leader, Newt Gingrich, led a rebellion against the package, and conservative firebrand Pat Buchanan challenged Bush in the 1992 primaries, weakening Bush's bid for a second term. That experience made higher taxes all but unmentionable in the GOP. That turn recognized the rise of an anti-tax and government-skeptical populism on the right that has been a major force in American politics ever since. New voice on the right Among the new voices on the right was that of H. Ross Perot, a Texan and an early high-tech billionaire who ran against Bush and the deficit and Washington in general as an independent candidate for president in 1992. Perot was a billionaire at a time when there were not so many of them, and his suggestions about running the government more like a business hit home with many. For a time in June 1992, Perot was nearing 40% in national polls while the incumbent Bush and his Democratic challenger Bill Clinton were both below 30%, Another businessman, legendary automaker Lee Iacocca, had flirted with a White House campaign for a time in the late 1980s, sounding the same theme. The implication was that any competent private-sector manager could do a better job than the politicians and bureaucrats who only served themselves. Perot's campaign in 1992 and a sequel in 1996 eventually fell short, but the spirit he had unleashed with his independent bid sounded alarms in both the major parties. The issue of federal deficits and spending was only part of that spirit, but it was one the parties could at least attempt to address. The Republican reaction was to back a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget, which at least sounded like a solution. When the GOP next had majorities in both chambers, its leaders managed to get to two thirds approval in the House but fell short in the Senate. The Democrats, meanwhile, put at least some faith in a new effort called the National Performance Review under the aegis of Vice President Al Gore. It was supposed to streamline the federal establishment, which Gore referred to as "reinventing government." Like DOGE, the impetus for REGO (as some called it) was to cut spending, reduce regulation and cut down the size of the federal workforce. In pursuit of those goals, and backed by President Bill Clinton, Gore unearthed some of the work of the Grace Commission. Grace's operation produced a small library of recommendations but had too little to show for it in terms of real change. Clinton began his 1996 State of the Union by declaring "the era of big government is over" and highlighted six-figure reductions in the federal workforce as part of his reelection campaign. Yet overall, spending kept going up. And at times it took major leaps upward such as the War on Terror in the first decade after 9/11 and the outlays to counteract the Wall Street meltdown of 2008-2009, caused by the mortgage-backed securities crisis. Spending and the debt scaled new heights after COVID struck and the economy staggered. The need to look frugal Through it all, administrations and Congress kept looking for ways to look frugal. One that won applause from inside government and out was the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, launched in 2010 during what some called the "Great Recession." It was known as the Simpson-Bowles commission for its Republican and Democratic chairs, former Wyoming Sen. Alan Simpson and former White House Chief of Staff Erskine Bowles. It took seven months to produce an ambitious, balanced package that trimmed Social Security and Defense and also restrained some tax breaks and raised the federal gasoline tax. But only 11 of the 18 members of the commission voted for the package, falling short of the required supermajority of 14. In later years, there would be additional efforts, some with the support of the White House and some without. The House and Senate deal struck by Republican Rep. Paul Ryan and Democratic Senator Patty Murphy in 2015 ended a government shutdown and revived the spirit of Simpson-Bowles. But it too fell short of being the grand bargain some in both parties and many in the academic community were calling for. Overall, each of these efforts learned what Gore and Grace and Stockman had learned: Whatever successes they achieved, federal spending kept going up because the "big fish" in the federal budget were not getting caught. Where are the big ones? The biggest elements of federal spending begin with interest in the existing debt. It was a trillion when Reagan ran against it in 1980. It tripled in the decade that followed, and it has tripled since then and tripled again. It now exceeds $36 trillion and is rising. The next hardest fish to catch? Payments to American citizens through Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, veterans' health benefits and other programs that do not need annual appropriations. That's more than half the federal budget right there. Payments under these programs essentially just send the bills to the taxpayers, yet the taxpayers have made it clear they do not want those payments to stop. The third denizen of the deep that budget hawks cannot reach is the budget for defense or national security. The growth in that category has only slowed occasionally since Reagan came to office, and since 9/11 it has been more or less beyond challenge. At 13% of the budget it is almost two-thirds the price tag of Social Security. And any chance of curtailing it probably went out the window with the election of the current Republican majorities in Congress. But responsibility for the current condition of U.S. finances rests on both political parties, and, ultimately, on the voters who keep returning them to office. Still, clearly, efforts to root out government inefficiencies and slash spending, at least in message, continue. Stockman, by the way, at 78 is still at it, posting regularly to his David Stockman's Contra Corner , with a series of memos to Musk and Ramaswamy on "How to Cut $2 Trillion of Fat, Muscle and Bone." This week he was up to Memo #11.Chubb Ltd. stock falls Tuesday, underperforms market